What are Phenylpiracetam and Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide?

Phenylpiracetam, is a phenylated analog of the drug piracetam. It was developed in 1983 as a medication for Soviet Cosmonauts to treat the prolonged stresses of working in space. Phenylpiracetam was created at the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biomedical Problems in an effort led by psychopharmacologist Valentina Ivanovna Akhapkina. In Russia it is now available as a prescription drug. Research on animals has indicated that phenylpiracetam may have anti-amnesic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and memory enhancement effects.

Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide,Phenylpiracetam hydrazide, also known as fonturacetam hydrazide, is a designer drug that is a derivative of phenylpiracetam in which the amide group is replaced with a hydrazide group. It was first reported by a Russian research group in 1980 as part of a series of chemical compounds investigated as anticonvulsants. In an electroshock test, it was found to have an ED50 of 310 mg/kg.

What are the differences between Phenylpiracetam and Phenylpiracetam Hydrazide?